This article examines the recent regulatory developments with regard to shortselling. Short selling regulation is an important factor in firm governancebecause it affects the way in which firms are subject to market discipline. Asthe financial crisis has attracted regulators’ notice to short...

CEO compensation has increased substantially over the past 15 years, but so has forcedturnover. Motivated by this observation, we investigate whether part of the developmentof CEO pay can be explained by a premium which compensates CEOs for increased job risk.We ¯nd that for the CEOs of the...

Some people are motivated by the non-selfish, non-strategic, and non-consequentialist “sacredvalue” of Truth. We conduct the first experiment directly assessing this phenomenon. We findthat people differ substantially in their truthfulness, with a large minority powerfully inclined...

This paper analyzes the independence of boards of directors as an optimally chosen, non-contractible behavior. A board behaves loyally to a CEO when it agrees to a negative NPV-pro ject, giving the CEO private benefits. While the CEO benefitsfrom competent directors because they help him make...

An agent shows loyalty to his manager by bearing personal costs to the superiors benefit. In return, the manager may offer various forms of rewards. If this exchange is not contractible, typically repeated interaction will be required to sustain it. Beyond loyalty, the manager is interested in...

Recent organizational theories suggest that there is a tradeoff between loyalty and competence. This paper tests several such theories in the context of public agencies. Prime ministers, chancellors, and kings alike need to secure the (efficient or inefficient) loyalty of their agencies, such as...

In recent years, tradeable permits (TP) have become widespread in use. One noteworthy point is that the international experience is rather small. Europe has only relatively recently begun to develop such programs. There is a wealth of resources available that comment on the rise of these...

Although real integration conceptually plays an important role for the comovement of international equity markets, documenting this link empirically has proven challenging. We construct a new dataset of theory-guided, relevant measures of bilateral trade in final and intermediate goods and...

Although examples of deception and fraud in business have generated widespread interest in themotivations for honest behavior, little is known about individual differences in the propensity totell the truth. This paper highlights the role of honesty as a protected value, maintaining thatsome...

There are people who are motivated by the non-selfish, non-strategic, and non-consequentialist“protected value” of truthfulness. We conduct an experiment directly assessing thisphenomenon. We find that people differ substantially in their truthfulness, with a largeminority powerfully...