Many writers have claimed that R&D has two 'faces'. In addition to the conventional role of stimulating innovation, R … important in this catch up process as well as stimulating innovation directly. Trade, by contrast, plays a more modest role in … productivity growth. …

The two aspects of research and development (R&D) involving the stimulation of innovation and the facilitation of …-1990. An empirical framework is used in which innovation and technology transfer provide two potential sources of productivity … productivity sector catch up quickly if they invest heavily in R&D. Findings provide evidence of R&D effects on both the rates of …

Many writers have claimed that R&D has two 'faces'. In addition to the conventional role of stimulating innovation, R … important in this catch up process as well as stimulating innovation directly. Trade, by contrast, plays a more modest role in … productivity growth …

almost the same. We use panel estimation separately for the two sets of periods, and examine proximate factors for relative …. Catching-up (relatively) is mostly explained by human capital and for the catching-up panels, total factor productivity (TFP …

119 6.2 Humankapital 125 6.3 Reallokation der Ressourcen … gewährten Patente für den Zeitraum von 1950 bis 1990 154 10 7.1.2 Die öffentlichen Ausgaben für Forschung …