The paper explores mechanisms that link trade and restructuring in countries of central and eastern Europe through a learning and industrial upgrading perspective. A theoretical model based on notions of scale (relative concentration in trade) and scope (changes in product variety) is introduced...

This paper assesses the innovation capacities of the central and east European (CEE) candidate countries and the countries of the EU using a set of 25 indicators organized within the national innovation capacity (NIC) framework. Based on regression and cluster analysis the paper shows that NIC...

In this paper I outline several general processes in EE economies, which are seen as important elements of transformation of their systems of innovation and are evolving between the restructuring and erosion of potentially viable R&D and technology capacities. Copyright 1998 by Oxford University...