This paper offers a theory of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) based on the scarcity of capital relative to environmental quality. In a unified treatment of both market and transition economies of the former Soviet Bloc, we characterize a dynamic economy subject to two sources of market...

We use a novel and more precise data set on greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations in the Amazon region to estimate the nexus between local economic indicators and GHGs. We find that urbanization and waste generation emerge as new and important drivers of observed methane emissions. Local nitrous...