We introduce uncertainty about farmer characteristics into the moral hazard problem facing a regulator offering agri-environmental contracts. Our model allows for a continuum of farmer compliance costs. For reasonable parameter values the model predicts high levels of cheating and intensive...

Agri-environmental policy is modelled as a social welfare maximisation problem that recognises the potential trade-off between increased environmental benefit and increased cost of monitoring compliance. Moral hazard arises because monitoring does not detect all those who fail to comply with...

This study examines the effect of a pollution liability insurance mandate on corporate environmental compliance in Shenzhen, China. We employ a triple differences design, comparing electroplating and circuit board manufacturing firms, mandated to purchase insurance, to industries and a...