growth and comprehensive systems for social security. But what happens when Sweden and Finland – two countries topping global … trust have been hailed as key components for the success and for the self-images of Sweden and Finland. In the contemporary …

expenditures and a large tax burden (Sweden). Prices and behavior are held constant, which allows a detailed analysis of the … effects of immigration. The present value of future tax revenues minus outlays is potentially large; USD 23,500 per young … employment rates and age. For young working-age immigrants, the "break-even" participation rate for which the gain would be zero …

spending on immigrants and focus on natives' welfare instead. However, most research on the so-called immigration-welfare nexus …