Purpose – The general purpose of this paper is to give Sapolsky's classical study of the Polaris Project, written in 1972, the credits it actually earns. In addition, there are two more specific aims: to discuss the role and usage of project management techniques, such as PERT (programme...

The theory of technological evolution and organizational lock-in are based on an empirical foundation where technology is manifested in a tangible product. However, in industries producing chemicals, services, art, health care, or complex product systems, the technological design of the product...

From resilience perspective, it is important for supply chains to have multiple suppliers in order to maintain a high level of operational performance. On the contrary, keeping multiple suppliers are expensive from purchasing perspective, because, large amount of internal resources are required...

Research into product development and temporary organizations has focused largely on structures and actions that are designed and planned in advance. Starting from three case studies, this paper illustrates the way organizations deal with unanticipated problems by the ad hoc launching of...