We examined 79 Japanese MNCs' R&D subsidiaries in the US from the knowledge-based view. We find: (1) subsidiaries' R&D strategies generally encourage knowledge flows; (2) subsidiaries' R&D alliances promote knowledge flows; (3) R&D subsidiaries with process-oriented incentives promote vertical...

During the many years that I was a founding member of the MIT Industrial Dynamics (ID) Group, later System Dynamics (SD), I focused on trying to apply SD concepts, tools and techniques to the real world and to having real impact. That orientation originated from listening to Jay Forrester as he...