The Swedish carnivore policy goal for the four large carnivores - wolverine (Gulo gulo), wolf (Canis lupus), brown bear (Ursus arctos) and lynx (Lynx lynx) - is to ensure a minimum viable population on a long-term basis. To reach this goal the policy restricts population regulation activities,...

This paper presents a first empirical assessment of carnivore conservation under a performance payment scheme. In Sweden, reindeer herder villages are paid based on the number of lynx (lynx lynx) and wolverine (gulo gulo) offspring certified on their pastures. The villages decide on the internal...