the dimensions of these demographic shifts can be combined with other dimensions related to employment, retirement and … participation and in youth preparedness for employment, both of which significantly influence life-long earnings and retirement …

A problem that faces many countries including the United States is how to finance retirement consumption as the … population ages. Proposals for switching to a saving-for-retirement system that does not rely on high payroll taxes have been … transition path from the current U.S. system to a saving-for-retirement system that increases the welfare of all current and …