The use of proxy variables to control for unobservables when estimating a production function has become increasingly popular in empirical works in recent years. The present paper aims to contribute to this literature in three important ways. First, we provide a structured review of the...

This paper analyzes the drivers of multinational affiliates’ R&D intensity, using a unique dataset based on the fourth Community Innovation Survey for Belgium. Specifically, we investigate the role of foreign affiliates’ local (host country) embeddedness and of host country spillovers on...

This paper aims to provide empirical researchers with an overview of the methodological issues that arise when estimating total factor productivity at the establishment level, as well as of the existing (parametric and semiparametric) techniques designed to overcome them. Apart from the...

This study assesses the contribution of the Dutch public export credit insurance facility (ECIF) to Dutch GDP and employment. Unlike previous studies, which generally adopt the gravity model of trade, we adopt an input-output approach. The results show that the contribution of economic activity...