Purpose Aiming at the lack of explanatory power of traditional industrial organization theory in cross-border competition, by introducing the idea of ecological niche, the authors aim to explore the competitive situation of platform-based enterprises when they operate in multiple fields....

Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) aspects, i.e. open trade (OT), foreign direct investment (FDI), capital formation, and information and communication technology (ICT) exports, are fundamental for any nation’s sustainable Economic Development (ED). The paper seeks to examine the effect of those...