Heat exchangers operating in the power and process industries are fouled to a greater or lesser extent depending on surface temperature, surface condition, material of construction, fluid velocity, flow geometry and fluid composition. This fouling phenomenon is time-dependent and will result in...

Fouling is one of the major uncertainties associated with the operation and maintenance of heat exchangers in the power and process industries. The decision regarding periodic maintenance (cleaning) to meet the target performance level is generally based on both thermal and economic behavior of...

A variety of energy management systems are currently available for domestic domain, and many are concerned with real-time energy consumption monitoring and display of statistical and real time data of energy consumption. Although these systems play a crucial role in providing a detailed picture...