This paper examines competitiveness and productivity in the Baltics. Focusing on recent developments, it asks why Russia's war in Ukraine led to a prolonged recession and strong decline in competitiveness in Estonia, while Latvia and Lithuania shielded their economies more effectively. The paper...

The competitiveness compass establishes competitiveness as one of the EU's overarching principles for action. Europe can only match its continent-sized competitors if EU and national policies are aligned around the same objectives and reinforce each other. The compass is composed of three...

In many occupations, having mathematical skills is considered a necessary condition for workers to perform adequately. For the high proportion of low-skilled workers in Brazil, this condition may constitute a barrier to access better jobs and undermine their performance in the labor market. This...