Knowledge as the basis of science has up to now only verbally defined features which are not accepted between all sciences. On the other hand knowledge must have some interoperable, physical related features since otherwise we wouldn’t be able to exchange knowledge between humans. With the...

This study investigates the performance of various commonly applied order selection criteria in selecting order of Autoregressive (AR) process. The most important finding of this study is that Akaike’s information criterion, Schwarz information criterion, Hannan-Quinn criterion, final...

El open source se ha convertido en una de las ideas más exitosas desde el surgimiento de Internet. En este artículo se analizan las razones de este éxito. The open source has become one of the most successful ideas from the sprouting of Internet. In this article the reasons of this success...

This paper considers the relationship between agent-based modeling and economic decision-making experiments with human subjects. Both approaches exploit controlled ``laboratory'' conditions as a means of isolating the sources of aggregate phenomena. Research findings from laboratory studies of...

Despite existing security standards and security technologies, such as secure hardware, gaps between users’ demand for security and the security offered by a payment system can still remain. These security gaps imply risks for users. In this paper, we introduce a framework for the management...

The paper demonstrates the effects that the largely ignored, phenomenon of subsistence farming can have on agricultural development in countries in transition. The problem of subsistence consists of the different economic behaviour of subsistence farms compared to commercial ones. The paper...

This paper describes a statistical sample design to measure portfolio- at-risk in microfinance. It applies the design to the microfinance portfolio of Banco do Nordeste in Brazil. Statistical audit sampling requires no special knowledge of statistics and is useful for due- diligence inspections...

Many economic models are completed by finding a parameter vector that optimizes a function f, a task that only be accomplished by iterating from a starting vector. Use of a generic iterative optimizer to carry out this task can waste enormous amounts of computation when applied to a class of...

I examine the incentives for software providers to design appropriate user interfaces. There are two sorts of costs involved when one uses software: the fixed cost of learning to use a piece of software and the the variable cost of operating the software. For example menu driven software is easy...