We propose a modification of kernel time series regression estimators that improves efficiency when the innovation process is autocorrelated. The procedure is based on a pre-whitening transformation of the dependent variable that has to be estimated from the data. We establish the asymptotic...

Abstract Empirical research with Markov regime-switching models often requires the researcher not only to estimate the model but also to test for the presence of more than one regime. Despite the need for both estimation and testing, methods of estimation are better understood than are methods...

For Markov regime-switching models, a nonstandard test statistic must be used to test for the possible presence of multiple regimes. Carter and Steigerwald (2013, Journal of Econometric Methods 2: 25–34) derive the analytic steps needed to implement the Markov regime-switching test proposed by...