Collaborative research consortia allow firms to pursue scale and scope economies in research, finance large costly proposals, share risks, avoid unnecessary duplication, internalize the externalities created by research spillovers, and allow the use of firm-specific complementary skills and...

There is policy interest in factoring productivity growth into technical progress and returns to scale components. Our approach uses exact index number methods to reduce the parameters that must be estimated, and allows us to exploit the cross-sectional dimension of plant-level panel data. We...

We consider a system which consists of several subsystems. The outputs of these subsystems satisfy linear difference equations which specify the growth pattern of the output of the system over time. The state of each subsystem is described by a finite Markov chain, the transition probabilities...

Foreign partner firms' (FPs') superior intangible assets such as technology and marketing and other management skill are an integral source of their bargaining power in their negotiations with potential joint venture partners (JPs) and government regulators in the host country. FPs which can...

The Innovation Union initiative of the European Union focuses on product and process innovation for tangible goods. The authors argue that it is essential to extend the scope of the initiative to include innovation for financial sector products, processes, and regulatory approaches. They make...

This study examines the empirical associations between female labor supply and child status and marital status using 1970 and 1980 U.S. census data and 1971 and 1981 Canadian census data. When the data are used in a purely cross-sectional manner, without controlling for previous labor supply, we...