Exponential smoothing can introduce spurious auto-correlation in detrended data. The extent of this depends on the length of lag, the value of the smoothing parameter and the nature of the input process. The most widely-used version of exponential smoothing is the Hodrick-Prescott low-frequency...

We develop and apply a method of testing for speculative bubbles. The method is designed to overcome two well-known problems in the identification of bubble phenomena--the problem of distinguishing any type of bubble from an expected future change in market fundamentals and the problem of...

This paper presents an analysis of the effect of bureaucratic corruption on economic growth through a public finance transmission channel. At the theoretical level, we develop a simple dynamic general equilibrium model in which financial intermediaries make portfolio decisions on behalf of...