Since privately financed infrastructure (PFI) projects are usually natural monopolies, their tariffs should be regulated to ensure socially desirable outcomes. In reality, the regulation is usually realized through tariff adjustment mechanisms. There are four basic tariff adjustment frameworks...

A key issue in implementing water supply projects based on the build, operate and transfer approach is risk allocation. Project risks should be allocated to the best competent party through proper contractual arrangements or through government support so as to achieve a low water tariff. The...

China is actively investigating ways to introduce project financing, specifically through the build-operate-transfer (BOT) scheme to meet the needs for the country's infrastructure and to be attractive to foreign investors and lenders. The advent of concession agreements, backed by new BOT laws,...

Despite the Asian financial crisis, there was still growing international interests by sponsors in China's infrastructure projects financed on build-operate-transfer (BOT) concession contracts. With the closure of the Guangdong International Trust and Investment Corporation (GITIC), foreign...

In public-private partnership projects (PPP), the relationships between the participants are established through a variety of contractual agreements between financiers, government, contractors, operators and customers. Raising funds, linking various participants legally and financially, ensuring...