This paper explores market distortions produced by import protection, export subsidies, labour and exchange rate policies in some countries of Latin America (Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Colombia), Africa (Tunesia and Ivory Coast) and Asia (Indonesia, Pakistan and South Korea), and the...

The first section of the paper examines the principal characteristics of inward-oriented policies and their economic effects, describes the policy content of reform efforts made by developing countries, and indicates the impact of outward-oriented policies on exports and economic growth; the...