The principle of effective demand, and the claim of its validity for a monetary production economy in the short and in the long run, is the core of heterodox macroeconomics, as currently found in all the different strands of post-Keynesian economics (Fundamentalists, Kaleckians, Sraffians,...

We exploit Germany's temporary three-percentage-point VAT cut in the second half of 2020 to study the spending response to unconventional fiscal policy. We use survey and scanner data on household consumption expenditures and their perceived pass-through of the tax change into prices, and a RANK...

In macroeconomic models with dispersed information, agents have an incentive to learn from endogenous variables, which themselves depend on the forecasts of others. This paper revisits the model of Townsend (1983) to characterize how this mechanism affects equilibrium dynamics. The first part of...

At the beginning of 2013 the economic activity continued to slow down – the process that started in 2012. In February 2013 the investments in fixed assets growth rates made only 100.3% in annual Terms

In January 2013 the macroeconomic development was determined by the influence of the factors formed in the second half of the previous year. The domestic market was considerably affected by both the drop in the industrial production by 0.8% versus last January and the abrupt slowdown of the...

I study the effect of market incompleteness on the aggregate economy in a model where agents face idiosyncratic, uninsurable human capital investment risk. The environment is a general equilibrium lifecycle model with a version of a Ben-Porath (1967) human capital accumulation technology,...

The paper discusses the influence of the global economic crisis on the Latvian economy. Using the system dynamics approach and models produced beforehand, various development scenarios of tax policy, householder crediting, and the job market are analyzed. Produced models allow to obtain...

In the paper model of macroeconomic turnover and its possibilities for investments modelling are shown. The model consists from four blocks: in the first the theoretical model is described. In the second the model is reflected in accordance with the requirements of system dynamics method, there...

Hall (1978) has stimulated considerable controversy and empirical work on testing the permanent income hypothesis (PIH). Much of the empirical work is on the developed countries where opportunities for inter-temporal substitution are generally higher than in the developing countries. Therefore,...

National accountants treat as consumption all expenditure incurred in purchasing consumer durables and in forming intangible assets such as knowledge, education and good health. The case is made in this paper that the national accounts measures of saving and investment understate both the extent...