As the insufficiency of watercourses and the limitation of breadth are leading to long queues at Panama Canal, the plan of canal expansion is undertaken by the authorities to increase the service capacity. In order to avoid ships queuing at the entrance of the canal, this research establishes an...

Compared with the liner container ships, the tramp bulk carriers often have to queue for vacant berths at a busy port. In order to solve this problem, this paper develops the optimal n-step toll schemes (n=1, 2, 3, …) to bulk carriers in a queue for multiple berths. Bulk carriers' queuing...

When arriving at a busy port, a container ship usually need to queue in anchorage waiting for a berth. If the port establishes a toll scheme, the ship may rationally adjust sailing speed and time to save the cost, otherwise she has to pay for berthing on time. Consequently container ships'...

We consider toll systems designed to alleviate queueing problems that result from a road bottleneck. Optimal road pricing is capable of eliminating queueing time completely, but has practical difficulties because it requires continuously changeable charges. Because of these difficulties, a...

This article establishes a series of the optimal n-step toll schemes (where n = 1, 2, 3, …) which are levied to container ships for a queuing port. Container ships' arrival times at the port will be rationally dispersed after pricing the optimal n-step toll schemes. Consequently, the queuing...

This article develops the optimal single step toll scheme which is levied to bulk ships for a queuing port. Bulk ships' arrival times at the port will be rationally dispersed after pricing this toll scheme. Consequently, the queuing time at the anchorage to all bulk ships will be rationally...