This report and the instruments it proposes aim at assisting public administrators in ensuring that their service delivery mechanisms respond to the needs and expectations of citizens. This document summarizes research undertaken under the set of activities dealing with citizen-centric...

Uganda's fiscal policy has remained mainly expenditure driven, with domestic revenue continuing to lag. This has resulted in a widening financing gap. In the 10-year period to 2017, the total valueof public expenditure increased from 15 percent of GDP to more than 20 percent. During this time,...

Public expenditure reviews are one of the World Bank’s core diagnostic tools for informing various stakeholders about the state of education financing in a country. Such reviews assess the efficiency, effectiveness, and equity of expenditures on education and their adequacy and sustainability...

In 2016, Kazakhstan’s GDP growth continued to slow and real wages declined further, negatively affecting poverty rates. The authorities reacted by extending additional spending measures and easing monetary conditions. In the medium term, Kazakhstan’s economic growth rate is projected to pick...

The Lao economy is estimated to have grown at around 7 percent in 2016, a slight moderation from 7.4 percent in the previous year. Inflation pressures remain low, though prices increased faster in the second half of the year as oil prices recovered. The fiscal deficit widened significantly in...

The introduction of citizen engagement into law is an idea that is gaining popularity around the world. New provisions in Kenya’s Constitution enshrine openness, accountability, and public participation as guiding principles for public financial management. Yet, translating participation laws...

The five countries covered in this report share a number of characteristics and are facing similar challenges that justify their being monitored jointly. First, they face critical demographic issues that require immediate action to enable them to experience a population dividend rather than a...

Climate-smart development is a rapidly growing area in Morocco, and indeed much of the world. It has simultaneously been proven to boost economic development and contribute to more sustainable economic development by reducing emissions and energy costs, creating jobs, and increasing economic...

The ability to prove one's identity is a cornerstone of participation in modern life, yet over 1.5 billion people lack proof of legal identity. As a first step in assisting its client countries to close this identity gap, the World Bank Group's ID4D initiative conducts Identity Management...