Cities are engines of growth, job-creation, and innovations. Cities are economic powerhouses and innovation hubs with large markets that can attract investments, knowledge, skilled personnel and lead to innovations thereby generating economic opportunities. Globally, lack of consideration for...

State-owned enterprises (SOEs), entities that provide goods or services on a commercial basis and are controlled by the state, are major economic actors in most countries. SOEs typically deliver essential public services such as access to water, electricity, telecommunications, or...

Carbon markets under the Paris Agreement are expected to differ substantially from those that emerged under the Kyoto Protocol. Unlike the top-down approach of markets created by the Kyoto Protocol, such as the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), international carbon markets under Article 6 of...

The World Bank is exploring opportunities to accelerate climate action and low-carbon resilient development pathways by supporting Ghana in enhancing and implementing its nationally determined contribution (NDC). One of the areas identified under the NDC is the support to increase utility-scale...

In this paper, authors assess the economic impacts of increased heat stress in humans in Ghana. As mean global temperatures increase, human capacity for manual labor is affected, particularly in activities with sun exposure such as agriculture and construction. This aspect of climate change is...

Ghana is projected to become hotter and drier in the future (in projections with a 50-year horizon), and the country will continue to experience temperature increases, extreme events like droughts and floods and the increase in frequency and duration of heat waves (World Bank, 2021). The...

This how-to note provides guiding principles and practical strategies for integrating Violence Against Women and Girls (VAWG) prevention and response into sectoral World Bank projects. The note addresses the increasing demand for clear guidance on how to practically address VAWG prevention and...

Economic disruption following Russia's invasion of Ukraine arrived during the aftershocks of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, exacerbating inflation, debt, financial conditions, growth prospects, and hardship among the vulnerable, all of which translate to stress on limited...

The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is the largest country in sub-Saharan Africa, by area. The country has a long history of conflict, political upheaval, and instability and has a very high poverty rate despite its abundance of natural resources. Mortality and fertility rates in DRC are...

This report aims to survey the outlook for the off-grid solar market and interventions needed for the sector to achieve its full potential impact. Chapter 2 discusses what it will take for the sector to achieve its primary development goals, including both access to electricity and a host of...