Unlike the Kyoto protocol's clean development mechanism (CDM), Article 6.2 of the Paris Agreement is designed to allow for international cooperation in carbon markets through decentralized governance. Under this article, bilateral or plurilateral cooperation between participating parties can be...

The Mozambique country procurement assessment based on the methodology for assessing procurement systems (MAPS II) methodology was carried out from September 2018 to June 2019, at the initiative of the Government of Mozambique (GOM) through the functional unit for supervision of procurement...

The High-Frequency Phone Survey for refugees in Uganda (URHFPS) tracks the socioeconomic impacts of the COVID-19 crisis on refugees. The World Bank (WB) in collaboration with the Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS) and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) launched and...

Indonesia has been an independent nation for only 70 years, yet it has already reached middle-income status and aims to reach high-income status by 2045. While high levels of economic growth have facilitated impressive development, key gaps have emerged in human capital. To address these gaps,...

Human capital development is at the top of Indonesia's economic development agenda. The National Long-Term Development Plan (RPJPN 2005-2025) identifies human resource development as one of the key drivers of the eight national development goals to be achieved by 2025. As part of this push, the...

Oceans are vital for Indonesia's economy and social welfare. However, there are challenges to the extent and integrity of Indonesia's marine and coastal ecosystems that, if not managed well, could undermine the potential of Indonesia's ocean economy. Compounding these long-term challenges are...

This report, created with the support of the Structural Reform Support Program of the European Commission (EC), provides an estimate of the health impacts of current concentrations of air pollutants in the Republic of Slovakia across its 72 districts (the two biggest cities are counted as one...

Indonesians have become healthier in recent decades as confirmed by the progress on key health indicators. Despite these advancements, significant challenges remain in improving maternal health and nutrition and in tackling persistent communicable diseases. As the Indonesian population grows...

Countries can achieve a successful energy transition and participate effectively in the climate market by applying available knowledge, good practices, and lessons learned. This paper provides an example of how blockchain technology contribute to these goals by linking energy and climate...

Agriculture and the rural space will continue to demand the attention of policy makers in Bolivia for several reasons, even as urbanization gains momentum. First, agriculture is a proven engine of economic growth. Aside from showing its strength in decades past, in recent years agriculture...