In 2005, the parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) began to formally set up a framework for financially incentivizing emissions reduction due to deforestation and forest degradation through conservation, the sustainable management of forests, and...

The rapid evolution of digital technologies and digital transformation is reshaping the dynamics of the global economy and supply chain. The digital economy creates new opportunities for innovation, access to information and services, social networking, job creation, and economic growth. The...

Human capital development is a critical determinant of economic growth, equity, and prosperity, but outcomes in this domain are worryingly low inLebanon, risking the future of generations of children. Lebanese children lag behind their peers in human capital development-measured accordingto the...

This note provides recommendations for redesigning Zambia's Farmer Input Support Program (FISP) in the context of international experience with other similar programs, especially those in Africa. The objective of this note is to provide recommendations that can help in improving the current...

Lao PDR is currently facing the phenomenon of jobless growth. This trend started in the early 2010s when non-farm job creation stagnated despite rapid growth in gross domestic product (GDP). The labor market suffered from weak activity in the private sector, with all sectors apart from...

Public procurement is one of the main cross-sectoral reforms that the Government of Lebanon committed to at the "Conference economique pour le developpement, par les reformes et avec les entreprises" (CEDRE) held in Paris in April 2018, in order to improve fiscal governance and the quality of...

The government of Bulgaria requested the World Bank's support in assessing the housing and living conditions of marginalized communities in the Northwestern (NW) region of the country, with an explicit but not exclusive focus on the Roma population. The objective of this assessment was to...

The Kyrgyz Republic economy has been hit hard by the Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, putting at risk the development progress achieved in recent years. The COVID-19 pandemic has added substantial pressures on the country's fiscal space for investing in human capital. The...

This Public Expenditure Review (PER) of the Kyrgyz Republic is part of the programmatic PER, which aims to help the government strengthen macro-fiscal policies and enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of public spending. To this end, this PER builds on progresses made since 2014 PER and...

The South Sudan economy is projected to contract by 4.1 percent in FY2020/21, with growth negatively affected by the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, lower oil production, floods, and increased conflict intensity in parts of the country. With the economic decline in FY2020/21, living conditions...