Junius and Oosterhaven (2003) present a RAS matrix balancing variant that can incorporate negative elements in the balancing. There are, however, a couple of issues in the approach described - the first being the handling of zeros in the initial estimate, and the second being the formulation of...

We have developed a generalised iterative scaling method (KRAS) that is able to balance and reconcile input-output tables and SAMs under conflicting external information and inconsistent constraints. Like earlier RAS variants, KRAS can: (a) handle constraints on arbitrarily sized and shaped...

Medical innovations, in the form of new medication or other clinical practices, evolve and spread through health care systems, impacting on the quality and standards of health care provision, which is demonstrably heterogeneous by geography. Our aim is to investigate the potential for the...