The Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) of 1990 will have a major impact on U.S. coal markets. We argue that coal suppliers will be able to use the market in sulfur dioxide emissions allowances created by the CAAA to increase the range of their competitive strategies in their core business, coal.

This paper tests whether adopting the international norm ISO 14001 significantly impacts environmental performance in Quebec's pulp and paper industry. Using monthly data collected from 37 plants between 1997 and 2003, we show that: i) ISO certification does not lead to a reduction in total...

Recently, the issue of worldwide environmental quality has been discussed in the context of trade liberalization on a global scale. Two diametrically opposite tenets have been recorded. According to one tenet - the cons-increasing opportunities for profitable exchange created by trade...