real terms. Ninety five per cent of the income of medical schemes was derived from membership fees. The average real growth … rate of income was 8.4 per cent, while net assets increased by only 3 per cent. An average deficit of R11.02 million …

Using an approach that complements standard income-based measures with broader measures of well-being this paper … income instability as measures of deprivation and analyzes their relationship with perceived and objective well-being. First … perceived well-being and income instability. …

entrance degree but no further professional qualification as well as for those who were in the upper percentiles of the income …

- income inequality as 'undesirably high', and as a source of 'pained conscience' (Simonsen 1972, 57; 59). [...] …

The issue of equality of opportunity is crucial in contemporary society, often examined in relation to income. Previous … research has demonstrated the uncertain effect of income on mortality due to the presence of other factors. To empirically … assess the difference in the effect of income on mortality rates between more developed and less developed provinces in China …