This article outlines a new approach for analyzing the role of trade in promoting industrial development. It offers an explanation as to why firms are reluctant to move to countries with lower labor costs and shows how trade liberalization can change the incentives for firms to locate in...

This paper analyzes a model of economic development in which international differences in industrial structure and income are caused by the agglomeration of industry in a subset of countries. Economic development may not be a gradual process of convergence by all countries but instead involve...

Foreign exchange windfalls such as those from natural resource revenues change non-resource exports, imports, and the capital account. We study the balance between these responses and, using data on 41 resource exporters for 1970-2006, show that the response to a dollar of resource revenue is,...

Climate policy requires that much of the world’s reserves of fossil fuels remain unburned. This paper makes the case for implementing this directly through policy to close the global coal industry. Coal is singled out because of its high emissions intensity, low rents per unit value, local...

This paper reviews recent literature on the spatial agglomeration of economic activity. This literature provides new ways of thinking about the determinants of the location of production, of trade flows, and of international income differences. Agglomeration of activity arises out of the tension...

The authors consider a Heckscher-Ohlin model in which goods and factors of production can be traded but trade involves transactions costs. Goods trade alone will not equalize factor prices, so there is an incentive for factors to move internationally. The authors characterize equilibria in which...

A monopolistically competitive manufacturing sector produces goods used for final consumption and as intermediates. Intermediate usage creates cost and demand linkages between firms and a tendency for manufacturing agglomeration. How does globalization affect the location of manufacturing and...

This paper analyzes trade policy in an integrated market in which two firms are price competitors. If tariff or export subsidies are in place, there is no equilibrium in pure strategies. The import tariffs and export subsidies give one firm a price advantage in one market. The effect of this is...