To evaluate pension reforms in public services, we put forward a simple criterion, the actuarial cost of a worker, per year of service. This measure of cost is the expected, discounted sum of net real wages and pension benefits, earned by a worker over his entire life cycle, divided by the...

We propose a model of strikes in a relational (or self-enforcing) contract framework. The employer has private information about firm profitability, proposes a wage and a bonus, and can outsource part of the production, in each period. The union can either go on strike or reduce the worker's...

We consider a revelation mechanism for the production of public goods. A sample of consumers is drawn at random. Each member of the sample is asked to reveal her(his) preferences; agents are subjected to transfers of the Groves class; and any surplus of taxes collected on sampled agents is...