Environmental assessment and pollution protection are important concerns in modern business and policy. Consumers are interested in corporate efforts on not only their products but also environmental protections and pollution preventions. To attain a high level of sustainability (i.e., economic...

Over a long and remarkably productive career, Professor William W. (Bill) Cooper has made many pioneering contributions to Operations Research and Management Science (OR/MS), with notable forays into the areas of (a) linear and non-linear programming, (b) goal programming, (c) chance-constrained...

A new use of the nonparametric statistic, referred to as the "Kruskal and Wallis rank test", is proposed in this study. The nonparametric statistic examines whether or not any frontier shift occurs among observed periods. To document its practicality, the proposed statistic is incorporated into...