Just‐in‐time (JIT) is a Japanese concept which has revolutionsed manufacturing management. It has reduced product cost, and improved productivity, product quality and delivery time by as much as 80 per cent in some companies. Manufacturers are anxious to implement this system but it requires...

A physical distribution network can best be analysed and studied as a set of distribution nodes connected chiefly by two kinds of flows: a transportation flow and an informational flow. Co‐ordinating the activities of these two major components is a pre‐requisite for the successful operation...