Panel conditioning arises if respondents are influenced by participation in previous surveys, such that their answers differ significantly from the answers of individuals who are interviewed for the first time. Having two panels - a trained one and a completely fresh one - created a unique...

This paper presents results from an experimental manipulation of one versus multiple-items per screen format in a Web survey. The purpose of the experiment was to find out if a questionnaire's format influences how respondents provide answers in online questionnaire's and if this is depending on...

In this study we use an information-processing perspective to explore the impact of response scales on respondents answers in a web survey. This paper has four innovations compared to the existing literature: research is based on a different mode of administration (web), we use an open-ended...

Over the past decades there has been an increasing use of panel surveys at the household or individual level, instead of using independent cross-sections. Panel data have important advantages, but there are also two potential drawbacks: attrition bias and panel conditioning effects. Attrition...

Over the past decades there has been an increasing use of panel surveys at the household or individual level, instead of using independent cross-sections. Panel data have important advantages, but there are also two potential drawbacks: attrition bias and panel conditioning effects. Attrition...