The authors investigate the connection between social security and private transfers in Peru, using data of the Peruvian Living Standards Survey. They find that private transfers from young to old would have been nearly 20 per cent higher without social security benefits. This indicates that the...

This article analyzes the relative performance of public and private schools in Thailand in enhancing eighth grade student scores in standardized mathematics tests, given student background and school characteristics. Its main conclusion is that private schools are, on average, more effective...

Pakistan's education system faces long-standing problems in access, quality, and equal opportunity at every level: primary and secondary schools, higher education and vocational education. In spite of recent encouraging trends, such as the rapid spread of private schooling and an expansion of...