We propose a new nonlinear time series model of expected returns based on the dynamics of the cross-sectional rank of realized returns. We model the joint dynamics of a sharp jump in the cross-sectional rank and the asset return by analyzing (1) the marginal probability distribution of a jump in...

Decision theorists claim that an ordinal measure of risk may be sufficient for an agent to make a rational choice under uncertainty. We propose a measure of financial risk, namely the Varying Cross-sectional Risk (VCR), that is based on a ranking of returns. VCR is defined as the probability of...

Using different loss functions in estimation and forecast evaluation of econometric models can cause suboptimal parameter estimates and inaccurate assessment of predictive ability. Though there are not general guidelines on how to choose the loss function, the modeling of Value-at-Risk is a rare...