Monte Carlo methods are simulation algorithms to estimate a numerical quantity in a statistical model of a real system. These algorithms are executed by computer programs. Variance reduction techniques (VRT) are needed, even though computer speed has been increasing dramatically, ever since the...

This paper presents a framework for analyzing time complexity of rare events estimators for queueing models. In particular it deals with polynomial and exponential time switching regenerative (SR) estimators for the steady-state probabilities of excessive backlog in the GI=GI=1 queue, and some...