These days more attention is being paid to Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) using a technique for managing total product planning, design, manufacturing, sales, and disposal. We researched business processes and education curriculum of the PLM system in manufacturing businesses. We designed...

In small-item large lot production, a single person had only single processing to do. A recent tendency of the production system is the multi-item small lot production. In this type of production system, one work person needs skills that are adaptable to multi-item articles. As the single work...

Background: COVID-19 has disrupted and adversely affected supply chains worldwide. A global supply chain network that considers disruptions is needed. This study strategically analyzes the economic and structural effects of disruption on a global supply chain network with customs duty and the...