This paper considers a multi-stage adaptive test (MST) where the testlets at each stage are determined prior to the administration. The assembly of a MST requires target information and target response functions for the MST design. The targets are chosen to create tests with accurate scoring and...

For analyzing item response data, item response theory (IRT) models treat the discrete responses to the items as driven by underlying continuous latent traits, and consider the form of conditional probability of the response to each item given the latent traits. In a similar fashion, log-linear...

The innovative and dynamic nature of E-business enables small companies to compete with multinational corporations via online marketing. This paper serves as a guide from a practitioner’s perspective to embark in E-business while traditional marketing strategies are diminished. Three...

This article reports a series of process-based models for the development of e-business using enterprise software applications. Merging management technology in workflow systems is a critical step to provide service-oriented architecture and on-demand business. We propose a value-oriented...