In this study, we construct a new dependency ratio measure by taking into account the consumption needs of the young and elderly people, and the productivity of middle-aged people. Different from the way that Cutler et al. (1990) and Weil (1999) constructed the relative needs by using the...

The present research presents an extended evacuation field model for simulating crowd emergency evacuation processes under the control of evacuation assistants. Furthermore, a communication field for describing the escape information transmission process and its effect on evacuees is introduced....

This paper used an estimated mixed multinomial logit model of household housing demand to examine the impact of four housing market-related policies on a stated preference survey sample. The estimated demand probability function suggested that household choice behaviour does show huge...