This paper introduces discrete Euler processes and shows their application in detecting and forecasting cycles in non-stationary data where periodic behavior changes approximately linearly in time. A discrete Euler process becomes a classical stationary process if 'time' is transformed properly....

Taking the early U.S. automobile industry as an example, we evaluate four competing hypotheses on regional industry agglomeration: intra-industry local externalities, inter-industry local externalities, employee spinouts, and location fixed-effects. Our findings suggest that inter-industry...