This article proposes a model to characterize national innovation systems, and applies it to four outstanding countries in this respect (Germany, Spain, Finland and Ireland) and also to four Latin American countries which have declared their interest in these systems (Argentina, Brazil, Chile...

We draw on diverse data sets to compare the institutional organization of upstream life science research across the United States and Europe. Understanding cross-national differences in the organization of innovative labor in the life sciences requires attention to the structure and evolution of...

The purpose of present paper is to present some recent developments in constructing composite innovation (or even, science and technology S&T) indicators on a national level. Measuring innovation at the national level is crucial in developing appropriate long term strategies for economic growth,...

During World War II, the U.S. government's Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD) undertook one of the largest public investments in applied R&D in U.S. history, entering into thousands of contracts with firms and universities to perform research essential to the war effort. Using...

The 21st century brings along the recognition for the necessity to understand and measure the activity of knowledge management, for which reason organizations and system organizations, together with decisional governmental factors, do their best in order to develop policies that would promote...

The paper explores the main features of a knowledge-based economy, the connections between a knowledge-based economy and the dynamics in the structure of modern economies and the role of institutions in this context. The experiences of Tampere and Nokya (Finland) are considered as model of...

In the attempt to boost its international competitiveness, the European Union realized that it should enrich the ways to achieve it by using the intangible assets that it holds. Knowledge and intellectual capital, innovation, science and entrepreneurship are key drivers of economic development...

This paper presents the results of empirical research conducted during March to September 2009. The study focused on the influence of virtual research and development (R&D) teams within Malaysian manufacturing small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs). The specific objective of the study is...

This chapter discusses how leadership interventions in science parks can promote the diffusion of intellectual capital management (ICM) practices. It focuses on how operationalisation of the different social interactions leads to the accommodation of suitable mechanisms for diffusion of those...

This systematic review explores the dynamic relationship between Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)-driven entrepreneurial ecosystems and the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). FDI is recognized as a potent catalyst for global development, and its alignment with specific SDGs can...