Wholesale electricity markets are increasingly driven by the rules of competition while recent outages in different regions of the world suggest that security of supply is a public good. The objective of this paper is to show that security of supply and more generally, electricity supply has...

Le caractère composite de la fourniture d’électricité a des implications pour la politique de régulation de la sécurité d’approvisionnement dans le secteur de l’énergie électrique, ce que nous démontrons en nous appuyant sur le concept d’externalité politiquement pertinente....

Le caractère composite de la fourniture d’électricité a des implications pour la politique de régulation de la sécurité d’approvisionnement dans le secteur de l’énergie électrique, ce que nous démontrons en nous appuyant sur le concept d’externalité politiquement pertinente....

Artificial photosynthesis (AP) is an area of well-advanced research involving large international groups at the cutting edge of synthetic biology and nanotechnology. In simple terms it offers to produce a cheap source of hydrogen for fuel through using sunlight to split water, as well as making...

Dual pricing is a practice through which resource-endowed states sell their energy resources at significantly lower prices on the domestic market, as compared to the price on the export market. Dual pricing could be considered an environmentally harmful fossil fuel subsidy: States that maintain...

This contribution seeks to analyse and compare WTO Accession Protocols, particularly the interpretations given relevant commitments made in them regarding energy and fossil fuels. After first providing an outline of the accession process and its importance for the natural resources and energy...

Central to the future perspective presented here is nanotechnological construction with enhanced efficiency of each aspect of the natural photosynthetic process into units capable of inexpensive mass production for domestic use. This involves a vision of artificial photosynthesis research that...

A capacious and reliable electric transmission grid is vital to public health and safety, the economy, and national security. The recent shift from local generation and use of electric power to regional and national markets in electric production requires substantially augmented transmission...

This contribution discusses WTO subsidies disciplines in the context of the energy sector. After laying out the relevant disciplines, it will discuss the paradox of WTO law with respect to subsidies towards fossil fuels vis-à-vis those towards renewable energy. It is clear that subsidies on...

The present research has delved deeper into the complex relationship of customer care calls with purchasing behavior in a WM system and has developed actionable insights to optimize operations. In this regard, the following critical factors have been considered: product attributes-cost, weight,...