Mobbing behavior may provide real benefits because mobbing prey individuals often cause a predator to leave the vicinity. However, mobbing calls of prey can attract acoustically oriented predators thus increasing nest predation. Therefore, a real value of mobbing as a type of adaptive behavior...

Individuals' behavioral responses to predator stimuli may be constrained due to the needs of courtship and reproductive behavior. We tested whether alarm and mobbing behavior in response to predator stimuli was dependent on changes in reproductive behavior in chaffinches (Fringilla coelebs)....