Analyzing the courtship behavior of long-legged flies (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), we focus on the evolutionary development of courtship signals. Long-legged flies may serve as a model for this evolutionary process, because males of some species present sexually dimorphic badges during courtship,...

In many territorial species, a fraction of all mature individuals are classified as floaters, and little is known about how these animals eventually acquire a breeding territory of their own. We observed intrusion behavior of floaters, subsequently removed breeding birds, and then observed...

How big an animal group will be depends on how the group's size is regulated and on the costs and benefits of living in the group. To determine which individuals regulate group size of the clown anemonefish, Amphiprion percula, I investigated the strategies involved in the formation,...

Intraspecific territorial interactions are common for a large variety of wildlife species. This often results in high-quality habitat being occupied by dominant individuals, with subordinates relegated to lower quality habitat. The role that these territorial interactions play in influencing the...

We investigate the situation where a customer experiencing an inventory stockout at a retailer potentially leaves the firm's market. In classical inventory theory, a unit stockout penalty cost has been used as a surrogate to mimic the economic effect of such a departure; in this study, we...

Purpose - This paper evaluates the comparative progress of Asda in the UK since its surprise takeover by Wal-Mart in 1999. Wal-Mart expected to become the #1 retailer in the UK and many commentators saw massive problems ahead for local retailers. These expectations were not met; this paper...