Males in several lekking species aggregate with their relatives to display for females, suggesting that kin selection can affect sexual selection. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain this behavior, but no general explanation has emerged. In most species with lek mating systems,...

Effective visual communication requires signals that are easy to detect, transmit, receive, and discriminate. Animals can increase the probability that their visual signals would be detected by evolving signals that contrast with their visual background. Animals can further enhance this contrast...

Recent evidence suggests that males adjust their sexually selected display traits in response to female behaviors during courtships. Little is known, however, about whether females signal to influence male displays and whether females benefit from this interaction. Male courtship displays in the...