"Instead of outbidding each other and driving prices up," on 25 March, the 27 EU nations decided to "pool [their] purchasing power" for the "voluntary common purchase of gas". In short, they decided to form a buyers' cartel. So far, difficulties have been identified, but what is needed is a...

A firm energy market for Colombia is presented. Firm energy—the ability to provideenergy in a dry period—is the product needed for reliability in Colombia’s hydrodominatedelectricity market. The firm energy market coordinates investment in newresources to assure that sufficient firm energy...

We present a simulation analysis of the proposed Colombian firm energy market. The mainpurpose of the simulation is to assess the risk to suppliers of participation in the market. We alsoare able to consider variations in the market design, and assess the impact of alternative...

Wholesale electricity markets are commonly organized around a spot energy market.Buyers and suppliers submit bids and offers for each hour and the market is cleared atthe price that balances supply and demand. Buyers with bids above the clearing pricepay that price, and suppliers with offers...