We review 31 articles in leading accounting journals that performed a logistic regression analysis for a binary dependent variable. Our review shows that many of these articles have ambiguities and errors in the presentation of the logistic regression model. We explain that incorrect...

We examine the association between real earnings management and the cost of new bond issues of U.S. corporations. We consider three types of real earnings management: sales manipulation, overproduction, and the abnormal reduction of discretionary expenditures. We find that overproduction impairs...