This paper contributes to an empirical validation of R&D outsourcing by integrating the influence of internal capabilities, network resources and appropriation mechanisms. Internal capabilities refer to internal R&D and human capital. Network resources account for decisions to outsource R&D...

This paper analyses behavioural additionality of subsidies by regional and EU framework programme public funding granted to business enterprises in terms of the ‘instalment’ of research cooperation between industry and science. Acknowledging their specificities in terms of research...

This empirical article describes the spatial dimension of R&D expenditures in the business enterprise sector in Belgium. When looking at the regional dispersion of GDP per employee between 1992 and 1999 at the "regional", "provincial", and "district" level, we find that the inequality grows and...

This empirical paper focuses on the unequal spatial pattern of R&D activities in private business enterprises at the district (NUTS 3) level in Belgium in 2001. From the OECD R&D survey, we use both R&D expenditures and the number of R&D establishments to stress the importance of the appropriate...

The past decades have witnessed a large growth in patenting and out-licensing rendering the IP strategy an important element for innovation management. The paper looks at the relation between the formal qualification and occupation of R&D personnel and the IP strategy by focussing on the...

This article aims to assess whether firms' strategies of R&D outsourcing determine changes in their internal R&D employment intensity. Four strategic decisions are investigated: to start, increase, decrease or stop outsourcing. It is found that internal R&D employment intensity decreases when...

Open innovation is about firms’ external relations with other firms and organisations. It is a topic which has attracted an immense amount of attention, but which has also been heavily criticised due to the diversity of the ideas and fuzziness of its key concepts. To date, the bulk of the...