This study develops a mathematical inventory model for deteriorating item taking into account a vertical integration of a three-echelon supply chain (one supplier, one distributor, and one retailer) through strategic alliances. The objective is to minimize the joint total relevant cost for the...

In Moon and Lee's model (2000), they developed a finite planning horizon economic order quantity (EOQ) model with time value of money and inflation. This paper extends Moon and Lee's model to examine a production system with a random life cycle. Two conditions are discussed: the first is when...

Solar light is a source of green energy that poses no harm to the environment. The layout of a sunlight concentrator has a significant effect on prism-based sunlight concentration systems. This study develops a genetic algorithm that improves the layout efficiency and symmetry of sunlight...